Analisis Faktor yang Memengaruhi Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2023 Menggunakan Metode Analisis Komponen Utama dan Analisis Faktor

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) is an important indicator in assessing the success of development in a region, encompassing aspects of health, education, and economic welfare. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence HDI in West Java Province in 2023 using a principal component approach, specifically Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and factor analysis with five factor components: labor force participation rate, life expectancy, open unemployment rate, poverty, and average years of schooling. West Java was chosen as the focus of this research because, despite showing a significant increase in HDI reaching 73.74% in 2023, it is still below that of DKI Jakarta, which has an HDI of 83.55%. The results show that the HDI in West Java has high data variability, is multivariately normally distributed, and the dependent data is sufficient for factor analysis. The formed components are two factors with a total variance of 82.71% across two factors, which can be explained by three factors: labor force participation rate, life expectancy, and poverty percentage. Two factors were identified: the first factor represents population conditions, including life expectancy, poverty percentage, and average years of schooling, while the second factor represents labor conditions, including labor force participation rate and open unemployment rate. However, the two formed factors were unable to fully capture all the factors influencing the Human Development Index in West Java in 2023. This study is expected to serve as a reference for local and central governments in formulating more equitable development policies, aiming to promote sustainable HDI improvement in West Java and other regions in Indonesia.